Species Composition and Seasonal Activity of Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Paveh County, West of Iran

Chenour Mawloudi, Aref Salehzadeh, Amir Hossein Zahirnia, Behroz Davari, Sara Ramezan Jamaat, Shahryar Mawludi

Abstract


Phlebotomine sand flies are biological vectors of leishmaniasis in Iran and many other countries. In order to determine fauna and seasonal activity of sand flies, an investigation was carried out in Paveh County, Kermanshah Province, west of Iran. Using sticky traps sand flies collected in 5 sites of Paveh County from May to October of 2015. Activity of sand flies started in late April and ended in early October. Totally 2110 (71.1% male and 28.9% female) phlebotominae were collected from outdoors (64.6%) and indoors (35.4%) respectively. Twelve species in two genera were identified including: Phlebotomus alexandri, Ph. Sergenti, Ph. papatasi, Ph. major, Ph. tobbi, Ph. brevis, Sergentomyia sintoni, S. dentata, S. antennata, S. palestinensis, S. pawlowskyi and S. tiberiadis. Phlebotomus alexandri was predominant species in the region with 50% all of collected sand flies and Ph. brevis comprised only 0.04% of specimens. Due to documented report of seropositive cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Paveh County and presence of proven vectors in this area, further studies on epidemiological and entomological aspects of disease are recommended.

Keywords


Phlebotomine sand flies; Fauna; Leishmaniasis; Paveh, Iran

Full Text:

XML PDF

References


Bailey H, Bishop WJ. Leishman-Donovan bodies and donovaniasis; Sir William Boog Leishman, 1865-1926; Charles Donovan, 1863-1951. British journal of venereal diseases. 1959; 35 (1):8-9.

Cox FEG. History of Human Parasitology. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2002; 15 (4):595-612.

Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012 15; 380 (9859):2095-28. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.

Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker s. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases.2007; 7(9): 581–96.

Azizi MH, Bahadori M, Dabiri H, Shamsi Meymandi S, Azizi F. A History of Leishmaniasis in Iran from 19th Century Onward. Archive of Iranian Medicine.2016; 19(2): 153 – 62.

Roberts MT. Current understandings on the immunology of leishmaniasis and recent developments in prevention and treatment. British Medical Bulletin. 2006 Jul 17; 75-76:115-30. Print 2005.

- Parvizi P, Ahmadipour F. Fauna, abundance and dispersion of sandflies in three endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural Fars province. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2011; 19(2):173-82.

Nadim A, Javadian E, Mohebali M, Zamen Moemeni A. Leishmania and Leishmaniasis. 3rd ed. Tehran: University Publication Center; 2008 (Persian)

Saebi E. Clinical Parasitology: Protozoal Diseases in Iran. 5th ed. Tehran: Ayeej Publication; 2011 (Persian)

John DT, Patri W. Markell and Voges Medical Parasitology. 9th ed. USA. Saunders 2006.

Mohebali M. Study of parasitological, epidemiological and clinical charactristics of leishmaniasis in Iran. Journal of Iranian Veterinary Association. 2010;9(4):4-11. (Persian)

Bates, P.A., Depaquit, J., Galati, E.A., Kamhawi, S., Maroli, M., McDowell, M.A., Picado, A., Ready, P.D., Salomón, O.D., Shaw, J.J., Traub-Csekö, Y.M., Warburg, A. Recent advances in phlebotomine sand fly research related to leishmaniasis control. Parasites & Vectors. 2015; 8(131) doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-0712-x

Maroli M1, Feliciangeli MD, Bichaud L, Charrel RN, Gradoni L. Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 2013; 27(2):123-47.

Zahraee Ramazani AR, Alizadeh Kupaee M, Rassi Y, Javadian E. study of fauna and seasonal activity of sand flies in Lordegan country, Chahar mahal and Bakhtiari province, 1995. Research in Medical Sciences.2002; 6(4): 292-96 (Persian).

Saghafipour A, Rassi Y, Abai M. Fauna and monthly activity of sand flies at cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in Ghanavat district, Qom Province (2012). Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 21(3):64-71.

Smart J, Jordan K, Whittick RJ. Insects of medical importance. 4th ed. Oxford: Alden Press; 1956, p. 286-88.

Nadim A, Javadian E. Key for the species identification of sandflies (Phlebotominae: Diptera) of Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 1976; 5: 33-44.

Lewis DJ. A taxonomic review of the genus Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology. 1982; 45(2): 121-09.

Akhoundi M, Parvizi P, Baghaei A, Depaquit J. The subgenus Adlerius Nitzulescu (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotomus) in Iran. Acta Tropica. 2012; 122(1): 7-15.

Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU). Mosquito catalog Maryland, USA: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring. [Online] Available from: www.mosquitocatalog.org/ files/pdfs/sandfly/175548. PDF [Accessed on 10th May, 2013]

Salehzadeh A, Rafatbakhsh Iran S, Latifi M, Mirhoseini M. Diversity and incrimination of sandflies (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) captured in city and suburbs of Hamadan,Hamadan province, west of Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2015.; 7(Suppl 1): S177-S181.

Azizi K, Rassi Y, Javadian E, Motazedian MH, Rafizadeh S, Yaghoobi Ershadi MR, Mohebali M. Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) alexandri: a probable vector of Leishmania infantum in Iran. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology. 2006; 100 (1):63-8.

Rohoušová I, Subrahmanyam S, Volfová V, Mu J, Volf P, Valenzuela JG, Jochim RC. Salivary gland transcriptomes and proteomes of Phlebotomus tobbi and Phlebotomus sergenti, vectors of leishmaniasis. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2012;6(5):e1660. doi: 10.1371 /journal.pntd.0001660.

Aghaie-Afshar A, Rasi Y, Ebaie MR, Aghaie-Afshar MD. Determination of Fauna and Monthly Activity of Sandflies in the South of Baft District, Kerman Province in 2004. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. 2005;12(2):136-41.

Rassi Y, Hanafi-Bojed A. Sand flies (Leishmaniasis Vectors) with pictorial identification key. Tehran: Noavaran-e-elm Press. 2006. (Persian)

Forouzani A, Khajehiean A, Darabi H, Fouladvand MA, Nabipour I, Bahramian F. Fauna and Monthly Activity of Sand flies in The Focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Bushehr District (2007-2008). Iranian South Medical Journal. 2011;14(1):31-40.

Galvez, R.G, Descalzo, M.A, Guerrero, I, Miro, G, Molina, R, 2011. Mapping the current distribution and predicted spread of the Leishmaniosis sand fly vector in the Madrid region (Spain) based on environmental variables and expected climate change. Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases.2011; 11 (7): 799–06.

Sayyadi M, Vahabi A, Sayyad S, Gharib A, Vahabi B. An entomological survey of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, west of Iran. Life Science Journal. 2013;10(12s): 873-77.

Hamzavi Y, Khademi N. Trend of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Kermanshah Province, West of Iran from 1990 To 2012. Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 2015 Jan-Mar; 10(1): 78–86.

Salam N, Al-Shaqha WM, Azzi A. Leishmaniasis in the Middle East: incidence and epidemiology. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2014;8(10):e3208. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003208. Review.

-Guan LR, Xu Yx, Li BS and Dong J. The role of Phlebotomus alexandri Sinton, 1928, in the transmission of kala-azar. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1986; 64(1): 107-11.

Nazari M, Zahirnia AH. Phlebotominae Sandflies Fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Hamadan, Iran. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2012:18(8)14-20.

Aghasi M, Sharifi I. Survey of the fauna and monthly activity of the sand fly as the vectors of the cutaneous leishmaniasis in the city of Bam. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. 2003;10(2):85-91.

-Soleimani-Ahmadi M, Dendarlo k, Zare S. Evaluation of cutaneous leishmaniasis vectors in Hormozgan, Bastak. Scientific Journal of HormozganUniversity of Medical Sciences. 2004;8(2):85-89. (Persian).

Kassiri H, Javadian E.Composition of the sand fly fauna in Khash country, south-east Iran. Journal of Insect Science;2012;12:1-8.

Sayyadi, M. Vahabi, A. Sayyad, S. Gharib, A. Vahabi, B. (2013) An Entomoligical survey of Phleboto Sandflies (Dipetra: Psychodidae) in Ravansar county, Kermanshah Province, West of Iran, Life science Journal, 10 (12s):873-77.

Rafatbakhsh-Iran S, Salehzadeh A, Nazari M, Zahirnia AH, Davari B, Latifi M,et al. Ecological aspects of the predominant species of Phlebotominae sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) in Hamadan, Iran. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2015;18(2)29-31.

Kassiri H, Javadian E. Some Ecological Characteristics of Phlebotomine sandflies in a Focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Chabahar, Iran. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2012;14(8) :21-24.

Parvizi P, Ahmadipour F. Fauna, abundance and dispersion of sandflies in three endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural Fars province. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. 2011;19(2):173-82.

Mehrabi-Tavana A, Javadian E, Rassi Y, Nakhaei H, Zahrai AR, Khoobdel M, et al. Study of ecological charactristics of sandflies, vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Taybad region, Iran-Afghanistan Border. Military Medicine. 2005; 6(4):255-62. (Persian)




Iranian Journal of Health, Safety and Environment e-ISSN: :2345-5535 Iran university of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran