Lifetime Cancer Risk and Hazard Quotient of BTXs Compounds in Iranian Petrochemical and Petroleum Depot Workers
Abstract
Keywords
References
Snodgrass WR. Petroleum Industry. In: Greenberg, Michael I, editors. Occupational, Industrial, and Environmental Toxicology. 2 ed: Mosby; 2003.
Sarigiannis DA, Karakitsios SP, Gotti A, Liakos IL, Katsoyiannis A. Exposure to major volatile organic compounds and carbonyls in European indoor environments and associated health risk. Environment international. 2011;37(4):743-65.
Nurmatov UB, Tagiyeva N, Semple S, Devereux G, Sheikh A. Volatile organic compounds and risk of asthma and allergy: a systematic review. Eur Respir Rev. 2015;24(135):92-01.
Rumchev K, Brown H, Spickett J. Volatile organic compounds: do they present a risk to our health? Rev Environ Health. 2007;22(1):39-56.
Wang F, Liu F, Liu H, Chen W, Si X, Ma X. Effects of immunological and hematological parameter in mice exposed to mixture of volatile organic compounds. Inhal Toxicol. 2016;28(4):164-69.
Win-Shwe, T.-T., Fujimaki, H., Arashidani, K., & Kunugita, N. Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds and Chemical Sensitivity Reactions. Clinical and Developmental Immunology, 2013:1-8, doi:10.1155/2013/623812
Baan R, Grosse Y, Straif K, Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Bouvard V, et al. A review of human carcinogens—part F: chemical agents and related occupations. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10(12):1143-44.
International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: volume 100 F-A review of human carcinogens. France: WHO Press; 2012.
World Health Organization. Air quality guidelines for Europe. WHO Regional Publications, European Series No. 23. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization; 2000.
Ciarrocca M, Tomei G, Fiaschetti M, Caciari T, Cetica C, Andreozzi G, et al. Assessment of occupational exposure to benzene, toluene and xylenes in urban and rural female workers. Chemosphere. 2012;87(7):813-19.
Lerner JC, Sanchez E, Sambeth J, Porta A. Characterization and health risk assessment of VOCs in occupational environments in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Atmos Environ. 2012;55:440-47.
Majumdar D, Dutta C, Mukherjee A, Sen S. Source apportionment of VOCs at the petrol pumps in Kolkata, India; exposure of workers and assessment of associated health risk. Transp Res D Transp Environ. 2008;13(8):524-30.
Navasumrit P, Chanvaivit S, Intarasunanont P, Arayasiri M, Lauhareungpanya N, Parnlob V, et al. Environmental and occupational exposure to benzene in Thailand. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Recent Advances in Benzene Toxicity; 2004 9-12 October, Munich, Germany: Chem Biol Interact.
Tompa A, Jakab MG. Risk management among benzene-exposed oil refinery workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2005;208(6):509-16.
Azari MR, Konjin ZN, Zayeri F, Salehpour S, Seyedi M. Occupational exposure of petroleum depot workers to BTEX compounds. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2011;3(1):39-44.
Bahrami A, Jonidi-Jafari A, Mahjub H. Environmental exposure to xylenes in drivers and petrol station workers by urinary methylhippuric acid. J Res Health Sci. 2008;8(2):61-68.
Bahrami AR. Distribution of volatile organic compounds in ambient air of Tehran. Arch Environ Health. 2001;56(4):380-83.
Bahrami AR, Joneidi Jafari A, Ahmadi H, Mahjub H. Comparison of benzene exposure in drivers and petrol stations workers by urinary trans, trans-muconic acid in west of Iran. Ind health. 2007;45(3):396-01.
Ebrahemzadih M, Abadi ABF, Giahi O, Tahmasebi N. Exposure Assessment to Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene and Xylene (BTEX) in Gas Stations in Central Region of Iran. Asian J Water Environ Pollut. 2016;13(1):43-48.
Hazrati S, Rostami R, Fazlzadeh M, Pourfarzi F. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene concentrations in atmospheric ambient air of gasoline and CNG refueling stations. Air Qual Atmos Health. 2016;9(4):403-09.
Negahban AR, Ghorbani Shahna F, Rahimpoor R, Jalali M, Rahiminejad S, Soltanian A, et al. Evaluating Occupational Exposure to Carcinogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in an Oil-Dependent Chemical Industry: a Case Study on Benzen and Epichlorohydrin. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering. 2014;1(1):36-46 [Persian].
Maghsoodi Moghadam R, Bahrami A, Ghorbani F, Mahjub H, Malaki D. Investigation of qualitative and quantitative of volatile organic compounds of ambient air in the Mahshahr petrochemical complex in 2009. J Res Health Sci. 2013;13(1):69-74.
Rahimpoor R, Bahrami A, Assari M, Ghorbani F, Negahban A, Rahimnejad S, et al. Biological monitoring of petrochemical industry workers exposed to benzene, toluene, xylenes, methyl ethyl ketone, and phenol in Southern Iran. Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology. 2014;3(2):62-71.
S Rahimnejad., A Bahrami., M Assari., A Sultanian., R Rahimpoor., A Negahban., et al. Quantitative risk assessment of occupational exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in the oil-dependent chemical industry. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci. 2014,;21(4):829-41 [Persian].
Beheshti M, Firoozi CA, Alinaghi LA, Rostami S. Semi-quantitative risk assessment of health exposure to hazardous chemical agents in a petrochemical plant. J Occup Health Epidemiol. 2015;4(1):1-8.
Golbabaie F, Eskandari D, Rezazade Azari M, Jahangiri M, Rahimi M, Shahtaheri J. Health risk assessment of chemical pollutants in a petrochemical complex. Iran Occupational Health Journal. 2012;9(3):11-21 [Persian].
Jahangiri M, Jalali M, Saeidi C, Mohammadpour H, Mardi H, Mehr Alipour J. Health Risk assessment of occupational harmful chemicals in order to provide Control guidelines: case study in a polyurethane foam industry. TKJ. 2013;5(4):33-41 [Persian].
Jalali M, Jalali S, Shafii motlagh M, Mardi H, Negahban SAR, Faraji tomarkandi V, et al. Health risk assessment of occupational exposure to BTEX compounds in petrol refueling stations in Mashhad. . J Neyshabur Univ Med Sci. 2014;1(1):19-27 [Persian].
Zare Jeddi M, Yunesian M, Ahmadkhaniha R, Kashani H, Rastkari N. Semi-Quantitative and Quantitative Health Risk Assessment of Gas Station Workers Exposure to Benzene. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2015;8(3):391-400 [Persian].
R Rahimpoor, AR Bahrami, F Ghorbani, MJ Assari, AR Negahban, S Rahimnejad, et al. Evaluation of Urinary Metabolites of Volatile Organic Compounds and Some Related Factors in Petrochemical Industry Workers. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2014;24(116):119-31 [Persian].
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM). Hydrocarbons, Aromatic: Method 1501. 4 ed. Cincinnati, OH: U.S: Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control; 2003.
Ricci P. Environmental and health risk assessment and management: principles and practices. Netherlands.: Springer Science & Business Media; 2006. 370-75 p.
United State Environemental Protection Agency (US EPA). Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: Office of Research and Development; 1996.
California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA). Toxicity Criteria Database California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA); 2017 [1.11.2017]. Available from: http://oehha.ca.gov/chemicals.
Chan C-C, Shie R-H, Chang T-Y, Tsai D-H. Workers’ exposures and potential health risks to air toxics in a petrochemical complex assessed by improved methodology. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2006;79(2):135-42.
Lerner JEC, Kohajda T, Aguilar ME, Massolo LA, Sánchez EY, Porta AA, et al. Improvement of health risk factors after reduction of VOC concentrations in industrial and urban areas. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2014;21(16):9676-88.
Egbuonu ACC, Nkwazema DC. Dysfunctional Liver and other High Metabolic Organs in Asymptomatic Petroleum Depot Workers in Calabar South-South, Nigeria. Res J Environ Sci. 2015;9(8):355-63.
Egbuonu ACC, Nkwazema DC, Ezeanyika LU. Cardiovascular risks and impaired lipid metabolism in asymptomatic petroleum depot workers in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria. Res J Environ Sci. 2015;9(6):270-79.
LI L-c, GENG J-w, SU S-b. Analysis of Occupational Hazards and Key Control Points in Oil Depot. Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering. 2010;10(02):128-37 [Chinese].
Li Z-H, Zhang S, Bi E-P, Yu J, Wang W-Z, Ma L-S, et al. The health risk assessment of groundwater organic pollution at a certain oil depot. Diqiu Xuebao(Acta Geoscientica Sinica). 2010;31(2):258-62 [Chinese].
Iranian Journal of Health, Safety and Environment e-ISSN: :2345-5535 Iran university of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran