Email this article 
Hide
Show all
Knowledge of Men and Women about Infertility Risk Factors
Abstract
Since prevention of infertility in a society is directly related to awareness about infertility, in the present study the awareness of people about infertility risk factors was assessed.
In this study, a survey questionnaire containing 24 factors related to IRF was developed and 170 persons (62 men and 108 women) from Fooladshahr, Najafabad and Mobarakeh participated and data were extracted from these questionnaires and were statistically analyzed.
Our study showed that average infertility awareness for men and women is 38% and 49% respectively. Also overall awareness was 44%. Also results showed that women’s awareness about mobile radiation and fast foods is significantly higher than men. On the other hand men have significantly higher awareness about adverse effects of chlorine in swimming pool on fertility. Higher women awareness may be related to their higher sensitivity for fertility. Also, generally a higher level of awareness was observed relating to mobile, air pollution, stress, fast foods, smoking and alcohol.
Women have a higher level of awareness about infertility risk factors. Higher awareness about some IRFs may be results from widespread media coverage.
Keywords
References
Alaee S, Talaiekhozani A, Rezaei S, Alaee K, Yousefian E. Cadmium and male infertility. J Infertil Reprod Biol. 2014;2(2):62-9.
Sinclair S. Male Infertility: Nutritional and Environmental Considerations. Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(1):28-38.
Najafi TF, Roudsari RL, Namvar F, Ghanbarabadi VG, Talasaz ZH, Esmael, M. Air Pollution and Quality of Sperm: A Meta-Analysis. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015;17(4):e26930.
Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Basagaña X, Dadvand P, Martinez D, Cirach M, Beelen R, Jacquemin B. Air pollution and human fertility rates. Environ Int. 2014;70:9-14.
Jurewicz J, Radwan M, Sobala W, Polańska K, Radwan P, Jakubowski L, Ulańska A, Hanke W. The Relationship Between Exposure to Air Pollution and Sperm Disomy. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2015;56(1):50-59.
Zeng Q, Wang Y X, Xie SH, Xu L, Chen YZ, Li M, Yue J, Li YF, Liu AL, Lu WQ. Drinking-Water Disinfection By-products and Semen Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Environ Health Perspect. 2014;122(7):741-46.
Ali A, Kurzawa-Zegota M, Najafzadeh M, Gopalan RC, Plewa MJ, Anderson D. Effect of drinking water disinfection by-products in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and sperm. Mutat Res/Fundam Mol Mech Mutagen. 2014;770:136-43.
Hamada AJ, Singh A, Agarwal A. Cell Phones and their Impact on Male Fertility: Fact or Fiction. Open Reprod Sci J. 2011;5:125-37.
Nazıroğlu M, Yüksel M, Köse SA, Özkaya MO. Recent reports of Wi-Fi and mobile phone-induced radiation on oxidative stress and reproductive signaling pathways in females and males. J Membr Biol. 2013;246(12):869-75.
du Plessis SS, Kashou A, Vaamonde D, Agarwal A. Is There a Link between Exercise and Male Factor Infertility?. Open Reprod Sci J 2011;3:105-13.
Hirschberg AL. Women and sport. Sisu Sport Books. 2014;2:6.
Koopman J. The Experimental Effects of Stress on Fertility. Berk Sci J Stress. 2013;18(1):17-21.
Hansen PJ. Effects of heat stress on mammalian reproduction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009;364(1534):3341-50.
Garolla A, Torino M, Sartini B, Cosci I, Patassini C, Carraro U, Foresta C. Seminal and molecular evidence that sauna exposure affects human spermatogenesis. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(4):877-85.
Carlsen E1,Andersson AM, Petersen JH, Skakkebaek NE. History of febrile illness and variation in semen quality. Hum Reprod. 2003;18(10):2089-92.
McGill JJ, Agarwal A. The impact of cell phone, laptop computer, and microwave oven usage on male fertility. In: Stefan S. du Plessis SS, Agarwal A, Sabanegh Es editors. Male infertility. A Complete Guide to Lifestyle and Environmental Factors. 2014edition. Springer.pp161-77.
Durairajanayagam D, Agarwal A, Ong C. Causes, effects and molecular mechanisms of testicular heat stress. Reprod BioMed Online. 2015;30(1):14-27.
Pramanik P, Banerjee SB, Saha P. Primary dysmenorrhea in school going adolescent Girls—is it related to deficiency of antioxidant in diet?. Int J Life Sci Phar Res 2015;5(2):54-63.
Kumar V. Review of the factors influencing male infertility. Indian J Res. 2014;8:28-34.
Mah PM, Wittert GA. Obesity and testicular function. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010;316(2):180-6.
Stokes VJ, Anderson RA, George JT. How does obesity affect fertility in men – and what are the treatment options?. Clin Endocrinol.2015;82(5):633-38.
Binder NK, Sheedy JR, Hannan NJ, Gardner DK. Male obesity is associated with changed spermatozoa Cox4i1 mRNA level and altered seminal vesicle fluid composition in a mouse model. Mol Hum Reprod. 2015;21(5):424-34.
Omu AE. Sperm Parameters: Paradigmatic Index of Good Health and Longevity. Med Princ Prac 2013;22(Suppl 1):30-42.
Turchi P. Prevalence, Definition, and Classification of Infertility. In: Giorgio Cavallini G, Beretta G, editors. Clinical Management of Male Infertility. Switzerland: Spronger; 2015. pp.5-11.
Naderpoor N, Shorakae S, de Courten B, Misso ML, Moran LJ, Teede HJ. Metformin and lifestyle modification in polycysticovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2015;21(5):560-74.
Gormack AA, Peek JC, Derraik JG, Gluckman PD, Young NL, Cutfield WS. Many women undergoing fertility treatment make poor lifestyle choices that may affect treatment outcome. Hum Reprod. 2015;30(7):1617-24.
Lynch CD, Sundaram R, Maisog JM, Sweeney AM, Buck Louis GM. Preconception stress increases the risk of infertility: results from a couple-based prospective cohort study—the LIFE study. Hum Reprod. 2014;29(5):1067-75.
Kalantaridou SN, Zoumakis E, Makrigiannakis A, Lavasidis LG, Vrekoussis T, Chrousos GP. Corticotropin-releasing hormone, stress and human reproduction: an update. J Reprod Immunol. 2010;85(1):33-39.
de Jong AM1, Menkveld R, Lens JW, Nienhuis SE, Rhemrev JP. Effect of alcohol intake and cigarette smoking on sperm parameters and pregnancy. Andrologia. 2014;46(2):112-27.
Maria del MM, Karen IR, Yareni YG. Dietary Intake and Infertility: a Review. FASEB J. 2015;29(1):590-612.
Verze P, Margreiter M, Esposito K, Montorsi P, Mulhall J. The link between cigarette smoking and erectile dysfunction: a systematic review. Eur Urol Focus. 2015;1(1):39-46.
Cao S, Gan Y, Dong X, Liu J, Lu Z. Association of quantity and duration of smoking with erectile dysfunction: A dose–response meta-analysis. J Sex Med. 2014;11(10):2376-84.
Lingappa HA, Govindashetty AB, Puttaveerachary A, Manchaiah S, Anoosha Krishnamurthy, Bashir S. Evaluation of Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Vital Seminal Parameters which Influence Fertility. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(7):EC13-EC15.
Eberhard Nieschlag E, Vorona E. Mechanisms in endocrinology: medical consequences of doping with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS): effects on reproductive functions. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;173(2):R47-R58.
de Souza GL1, Hallak J. Anabolic steroids and male infertility: a comprehensive review. BJU Int. 2010; 108(11):1860-65.
Knuth UA, Maniera H, Nieschlag E. Anabolic steroids and semen parameters in bodybuilders. Fertil Steril. 1989;52(6):1041-47.
Stojanovic MD, Ostojic SM. Limits of anabolic steroids: Application in sport and exercise. 1st ed. Human Kinetics. Pub2012.
Karbalay-Doust S, Noorafshan A. Stereological estimation of ovarian oocyte volume, surface area and number: application on mice treated with nandrolone decanoate. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2012;50(2):275-79.
Skelton KV, Dowsett KF, McMeniman NP. Ovarian activity in fillies treated with anabolic steroids prior to the onset of puberty. J Reprod Fertil Suppl. 1991;44:351-56.
Adams JA, Galloway TS, Mondal D, Esteves SC, Mathews F. Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Int. 2014;70:106-12.
. La Vignera S1, Condorelli RA, Vicari E, D'Agata R, Calogero AE. Effects of the exposure to mobile phones on male reproduction: A review of the literature. J Androl. 2012;33(3):350-56.
Cummings DR. Additional confirmation for the effect of environmental light intensity on the seasonality of human conceptions. J Biosoc Sci. 2007;39(3):383-96.
Pall ML. Microwave electromagnetic fields act by activating voltage-gated calcium channels: why the current international safety standards do not predict biological hazard. Recent Res Devel Mol Cell Biol. 2014;7:1-15.
Irene FT. Occupational risk factors and reproductive health of women. Occup Med. 2006;56(8):521-31.
Dematteo R, Keith MM, Brophy JT, Wordsworth A, Watterson AE, Beck M. Chemical exposures of women workers in the plastics industry with particular reference to breast cancer and reproductive hazards. New Sol. 2013;22(4):427-48.
M Nickmilder, A Bernard. Associations between testicular hormones at adolescence and attendance at chlorinated swimming pools during childhood. Int J Androl. 2011;34(5):446-58.
H Nourmoradi, M Foroghi, M Farhadkhani, M Vahid Dastjerdi. Assessment of Lead and Cadmium Levels in frequently used cosmetic products in Iran. J Environ Public Health. 2013. Article ID 962727
Sharma R, Biedenharn KR, Fedor JM, Agarwal A. Lifestyle factors and reproductive health: taking control of your fertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2013;11:66.
Chiu YH, Afeiche MC, Gaskins AJ, Williams PL, Petrozza JC, Tanrikut C, Hauser A, Chavarro JE. Fruit and vegetable intake and their pesticide residues in relation to semen quality among men from a fertility clinic. Hum Reprod. 2015.0(0).1-10.
Crinnion WJ. Toxic effects of the easily avoidable phthalates and parabens. Altern Med Rev: a J Clin Ther. 2010;15(3):190-96.
Ontarioos Maternal Newborn and Early Child Development Re-source Centre. Workplace reproductive health, research & strate-gies.: Ontarioos Maternal Newborn and Early Child Development Resource Centre; 2001. Available from: http://www.beststart.org/resources/wrkplc_health/pdf/WorkplaceDocum.pdf.
Lampic C, Skoog-Svanberg A, Karlstrom P, Tyden T. Fertility awareness, intentions concerning childbearing, and attitudes towards parenthood among female and male academics. Hum Reprod. 2006;21(2):558-64.
. Peterson BD, Pirritano M, Tucker L, Lampic C. Fertility awareness and parenting attitudes among American male and female undergraduate university students. Hum Reprod. 2012;27(5):1375–82.
Bunting L, Boivin J. Knowledge about infertility risk factors, fertility myths and illusory benefits of healthy habits in young people. Hum Reprod. 2008;23(8):1858-64.
Quach S, Librach C. Infertility knowledge and attitudes in urban high school students. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(6):2099-106.
Rouchou B, Forde MS. Infertility Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of College Students in Grenada. Science 2015;3(3):353-60.
Sumera Ali S, Sophie R, Imam FI, Khan FI, Ali SF, Shaikh A, Farid-ul-Hasnain S. Knowledge, perceptions and myths regarding infertility among selected adult population in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:760
Hammarberg K, Setter T, Norman RJ, Holden CA, Michelmore J, Johnson L. Knowledge about factors that influence fertility among Australians of reproductive age: a population-based survey. Fertil Steril. 2013;99(2):502-07.
Alaee S, Talaiekhozani A, Ziaei GR, Lohrasbi P.
Evaluation of Iranian College Students’ Awareness About Infertility Risk Factors. Jundishapur J Health Sci. 2016; 8(2): e34172. In press.
Iranian Journal of Health, Safety and Environment e-ISSN: :2345-5535 Iran university of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran